Diet and Nutrition

Overweight and obesity are among the most topical health related problems of our modern society. They are primarily associated with high risk for many terrible diseases, including heart attack, diabetes, etc. Recently, overwhelming majority of women and increasing amount of men are forced to pay serious attention on the meals they eat, to count the calories or to keep to some diet. There is a great deal of information about dieting and following healthy nutrition-style available in contemporary mass media.There are special TV and radio programs, in which medical doctors or other specialists speculate about different diets and give valuable pieces of advice. It is possible to find special magazines and other editions, presenting one or another type of diets or weigh-loss programs for the general audience. Finally, there is abundance of Internet sites, dedicated to the problems of obesity and overweight.As a rule, the most of the recommendations, connected with dieting and putting off weight, are quite individual and must be specifically given for any particular person, taking into consideration his/her health and psychological conditions, present life-style, marital status and so on. But there are some common points and tips, which can be suggested to anyone, who is thinking about starting a new healthy nutrition and life-style. Speaking about diet, first of all, it is necessary to reduce the amount of highly caloric meals in daily ration. Primarily, those are baked and fried foods.Many diet specialists suggest total refusal of eating all sorts of bread and bakery, made from white refined wheat powder. At the same time, it is necessary to include some small amounts of household bread or graham crackers, because bread has some important rare nutrients, essential for human organism. Also, any type of fried food is considered to be dangerous and caloric. Fried and fatty meals are direct contribution into fat deposits, which are drastically increasing weigh of the b ody. The same can be said about sweet foods, especially sugar and its products.These foodstuffs are rich with glucose, which is a perfect source of energy, but, at the same time, can be easily conversed to fat. That is why one of the easiest and most common recommendations for fatty people is to lover the consumption of sugar, sweets and chocolate. Second important suggestion is decreasing the amount of junk food. Contemporary life is making us very busy and tired of our problems, children, offices, schools and all the things. That is why it is a good solution in many situations to use ready meals in fast food restaurants, or to prepare ready-to-cook products.At the same time, our favorite pizza, Big Mac or Whopper are simply caloric bombs. They are usually prepared on extremely dangerous fats or oils and have a lot of fat-containing ingredients, like cheese, sausages, etc. The third tip on improving nutritional habits is to avoid overeating and eating late at night. Dietologists su ggest eating three-four times a day, serving a number of different meals in small portions. If hunger appears before the scheduled meal-time, some light yogurt, piece of fruit or tomato juice can be the best solution for handling it.Also, it is better to have dinner at least in two-three hours before going to bed. Certainly, not everything is based on correct nutrition and healthy food consumption in the program on putting off weight. Such activities like doing REGULAR physical exercises, being always moving and dynamic during the day, spending a lot of time outdoors and preferring active rest, are milestone points for people with extra weight. Besides, such spiritual practices, like yoga, proved to be very effective and supportive for those, who are trying to decrease own weight.If a woman is 5'4†³ tall and has 158 pounds of weight, she can find out (using some Internet resources or special comparative tables) that she is quite overweight, but, fortunately, not obese. That is why she does not need to keep to a strict exhausting diet, but some urgent steps must be done in order to put off her extra pounds. To do so, she needs to make some changes in her nutritional habits and establish some new rules of maintaining healthy life-style. To start with, she can adopt above mentioned recommendations, trying to lower the amount of fat and sugar in her daily meals and avoiding eating late at night.It would be necessary to learn cooking healthy meals, using as much as possible vegetables, cereals, fruit, meat, fish and other natural products. It would be healthy for all the family to give up eating macaroni or fried potatoes and enjoy delicious boiled or stewed foods, which are much more healthy and useful. Besides, she needs to re-schedule her daily routine and find more time for additional physical activity. For example, dieting can be perfectly supported by regular strolls or jogging.At the workplace it is better not to sit for long, or (if the work is connect ed with sitting) to do some frequent refreshing physical exercises. On the way home it is better to walk as much as possible, at least from the further parking place. Of course, it is good to use the opportunity of having active rest on weekends, like going out of the city, hiking, swimming, etc. The most important moment is: healthy nutrition and physical activity have to be regular. This will never work for people, who always put the things off until tomorrow and look for reasons to give up.Only doing regular exercises and always keeping away from unhealthy meals will work for good. This way, maintaining healthy life-style has to grow into a habit and work for keeping the body in normal weight for long time. That is why, in addition to everything above mentioned, it is also extremely important to get psychologically ready for the hard work on weight-loss plan. It will take enormous efforts to refuse some favorite meals, like cakes, hamburgers or fries; to follow the schedule of ha ving meals; to learn how to cook new dishes; to find some time to do physical exercises or jogging, etc.It is necessary to remain focused on the goal and be ready to do everything possible to achieve it. Undoubtedly, dieting and following healthy life-style will bring some certain changes into daily activity of the woman. For instance, it may take some more time to cook more healthy meals, or some extra time will be required for doing exercises and outdoors activity. That’s why in the beginning her husband and children may feel lack of her attention; she may have no time for doing something she used to do; she can feel more tired and have lack of rest, etc.Nevertheless, in three or four months the first results will take place and the first pounds will disappear. By that time, the woman will definitely get into the swing of her new life-style and feel less pressure from the things to be done. Therefore, the first outcomes of her efforts will become clear. She’ll feel l ighter and healthier, her self-esteem will rise and her capabilities will increase. This everything will immediately reflect on her family and bring to numerous positive reactions.

Word and Book Passionate Declaration

Howard Zinns book passionate declaration, was very interesting in the first chapter American Ideology he talks about the end result of these instances was many if not all of these inferior people were killed. He also talks about how we favor the rich and neglect the poor and that it should be the other way around that life should be an entirely different way. That because of Reagan many issues came to be, Because of Reagan this country is the way it is!Although we live in a democratic country, The ideas of ethical behaviors that were formulated by our forefathers has condemned us to accept them as right. â€Å"Thus we grow up in a society where our choice of idea is limited and where certain ideas are dominant† which is very much true unless you have money your ideas will never be heard, it’s very rare where someone who is unwealthy is hear amongst millions. The only time you are really heard is where you die a tragic death. In chapter 2; Machiavellian Realism and U. S. Foreign Policy: Means and Ends.Howard zinn talks about, what kind of society we want? And how will we get it? â€Å" The instance of building more nuclear weapons when we already possess more than enough to destroy the world†¦ allowing the police to arrest any person on the street refusing to move on when ordered†¦ and consider how often a parent [usually a father] has said to a son or daughter: its good to have idealistic visions of a better world but your living in the real world, so act accordingly† This have all had an effect one or more times in my life.Some may refer to me as a hippie because I’m all about peace on this world or because I refuse to eat animals such as chickens, cows, goats anything with a heartbeat, but my beliefs are my beliefs. I do believe a world without weapons would be wonderful, a world where I don’t have to walk down the street and a cops going to stop me cause he believes I’m being somewhat â€Å"suspicious†. Of course I would love for this world to speak up and use our words rather that use our weapons or hands to harm one another.You ever see a person get called something and notice how one simple word such as â€Å"ugly† can completely set them off and just then you see this person react in a way that they use their words completely to prove a point on how, the specific word you called or used is in no way or fact them on how they spent all that time to prove one person wrong. I wish the world worked in words. I wish we didn’t have to tell our children that this is the world, so act accordingly. I was one of those children, whose father told them that, and my dreams were crushed instantly, I was 9.

Managerial Systems and Operations Management Essay

Managerial Systems and Operations Management - Essay Example No organization will ever want to have disgruntled customers, to achieve efficiency a plan is needed to improve the productivity of the company. Sometimes an ad hoc approach may be used on simplest grounds that may need very small changes. Outlined plans must be initiated to analyses the risks that are associated with a particular implementation strategy in accomplishing the drafted project. The last option to be considered is the effectiveness of the project to the organization, these acts as an assessment into the real functionality of the project in aiding organization performance. This paper analyses some of the problems faced by Marston Lodge, which in the long run inhibit its performance in the market. The paper will critical assess the impacts of these problems and come up with significant solutions that will cushion the problems. A detailed plan will exhibit what will assess the associated costs and the approach that will be taken when initiating the project. Last the end of the paper will depict how the technological project impacts on the levels of performance in the Hotel; this will consider the needs of employees and management towards attainment of quality production (Koontz & Weihrich, 2010). Marston Lodge is an example of an organization that is operating under minimal production levels. Numerous complaints hailed towards the company. For instance, long queues and poor conditions of the rooms depict that management and the employees are not taking seriously their jobs and working towards attaining the set objectives of the company. This thwarts the efforts of the hotel on profit maximization. The longer Marston Lodge keeps without addressing these challenges, the faster it degrades an eventually becoming bankrupt. What is also evident from the case scenario is the fact that Marston Lodge is using many funds to train its employees yet productions levels in the

Media writing - Feature Story (media newspaper or magazine) Essay

Media writing - Feature Story (media newspaper or magazine) - Essay Example Modernising the dating domain as we recognise it, these Internet sanctuaries are reconstructing the boundaries of love and the search of love, from all over the world. â€Å"We’re trying to reach the whole world—people of all spiritual orientations, all political philosophies, all racial background,† (Kornblum 2005: para 10) declares Neil Clark Warren, originator of one of the largest on-line dating sites in the world, eHarmony.com. So how does on-line dating works? She met him on the Internet, his screen name was Gizzy. He only knew her by his first name, Sarah. They have not met each other personally. But they immediately knew that they are destined for each other, merely by communicating through the Internet. â€Å"We always have a lively conversation and I miss it every time,† reveals Michael Thompson, 43, a retail store manager who met his soul mate through an on-line chat room. â€Å"I always feel that she is very close to me every time we chat. When I heard her voice for the first time I promised to myself that I will do everything to make her mine.† Seattle supermall saleslady Sarah Martin spent the whole night chatting on-line, from 7 p.m. to 12 a.m. They then decided to call each other on their mobile phones. The couple talked throughout the rest of the next morning exchanging funny and embarrassing stories about each other. Sarah decided to give her address to Michael, and the latter was in Sarah’s doorstep the next day. One month later, the couple got married. â€Å"I enjoyed talking to him on the phone, and I really loved his humour,† says Sarah, a 35-year-old who works as a saleslady for a supermall in Seattle. â€Å"It’s funny but we started talking about our future together. Then he asked me if I am ready to settle down. I said ‘Of course, why not!’ Then we finally got married after a month. It was a very solemn wedding†. While it is seldom for a man and a woman who have not met each other face-to-face, and who are not aware of each

Police Roles and Functions Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Police Roles and Functions - Essay Example ils to truly encompass all of the roles that police officers should be serving: in fact, many of the roles that police officers fill have very little to do with law enforcement at all, and are not necessarily related to crimes. Law enforcement may be the central role common to all police forces, but they have many different roles on top of that. The primary function of any police force is law enforcement. Each police force has a set of laws that they are expected to enforce by catching and aiding in the prosecution of people who break those laws. The laws that a particular force are expected to enforce varies. Federal officers, for instance, can be of assistance in local matters, but only when invited by local police forces. The primary purpose of federal law enforcement agencies, such as the FBI, is the coordination of larger resources to solve interstate or international crime: things like organized crime, trafficking across state lines and so forth (Villa and Morris 1999). Local police tend to be on-the-ground officers who may see crimes being committed, who respond immediately to crime calls, who secure crime scenes and so forth. State police are usually responsible for administering zones between local police offices – this can be anything from traffic enforcement to a wide variety of other tasks. Law enforcement may be the primary mission of any police agency, but it is not what takes up the vast majority of an officer’s time. There are many other roles that a police officer fills, and that are of immense benefit to his community. Police officers, for instance, can be first responders to any emergency situation. This could mean giving first aid to someone who has had a heart attack to responding to a traffic collision or treating victims at the scene of a shooting (Villa and Morris 1999). Furthermore, police officers are often called on to adjudicate quasi-legal situations in which someone might be or feel threatened, even when no charges

Will Your Passion Find Purpose Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Will Your Passion Find Purpose - Essay Example I have chosen these accounts as it hold relevance with my personal dilemma regarding professional life. In the passage presented by Sanyogita Aggarwal, she discussed about how proper leadership approach can ensure utmost satisfaction of the employees and enhance their performance even in a family owned business. It has also been learnt from this account that leaders must bestow care for the employees and followers, which will further make them realize about the importance of their presence in any business. The account of Andrew Goodman taught me about how leaders can reduce cultural division amid a diversified workforce. These vital understanding might act fruitful for me as a leader (Burns, 2012; Coleman & et al., 2012). In both the accounts, it is apparent that leaders must have their own values, which should be kept intact in any given situation. However, the accounts further showed that each leader must have their own work ethics that they can use to steer the followers or employees. Apart from that it has also been learnt that leaders must be goal focused in order to attain effectiveness in their approach (Coleman & et al.,

Documenting the Crime Scene Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Documenting the Crime Scene - Research Paper Example The responding offer must assess the scene and treat it as a crime scene through remaining cautious and observing events, potential evidence, persons, and vehicles (Horswell, 2010). According to Orthmann & Hess (2012), the initial responding officer is expected to take not of the physical location, time, address and date of the crime and make observations such as smell and sounds at the scene. Accordingly, the responding officer must take protective and safety measures by remaining attentive while scanning the area for any dangers such as natural gas, gasoline or hazardous chemicals that entail smells and sounds (Pepper, 2010). The next step is provision of medical attention to the victims of the crime without contaminating the scene and minimizing contact with the evidence such as knife tears and bullet holes (Orthmann & Hess, 2012). The officer can take statements from witnesses, the victim and suspects that are at the crime scene and victims or suspects that are sent to health facilities must be accompanied by enforcement officials in order to preserve the evidence (Ogle, 2011). The next step is securing and controlling the scene through limiting the access and movements and separating the suspects and witnesses, removing bystanders, family members and medical personnel in order to prevent scene contamination and destruction of evidence (Dale & Becker, 2007). The responding offers will then put physical barriers to the points of entry and document all people entering the scene.

Racism in America (the zeitgeist) around year 1890-1920 based on the Essay

Racism in America (the zeitgeist) around year 1890-1920 based on the book Give Me Liberty, by Foner (chapter 17, 18, and 19 only) - Essay Example Black and white people resided nearby on lands as well as agricultural estates and physical segregation developed contact involving neighbors sporadic. On the other hand, liberated color citizens, situated mainly in northern and southern municipalities as well as metropolis, suffered isolation in different sorts. When the High Court made judgment in Dread Scott versus Strafford (1858) that Black Americans weren’t American people, whites from the north isolated black people from civic transport seats as well as banned their entrance, except for employees, from nearly all lodges with food outlets. When permitted into lecture hall as well as theaters, black people sat in separate parts; they as well attended isolated schools. Nearly all churches, as well, got segregated (Washington 4). Rebuilding subsequent to the civil fighting caused severe problems to white primacy and isolation, particularly within the Southern part where the majority Black Americans continued to reside. The slavery abolition during 1866 after which approval of the 14th modification (1869) followed which extended nationality as well as same law protection to Black Americans moreover within decades just following the Civil fighting isolation reduced. However the chances of black people using together public transportation as well as shared housing with white people grew in the time subsequent to 1866. Black people received right to use public vehicles as well as railway transport on the basis of integration. Definitely, numerous transport corporations preferred integration since they didn’t desire a danger losing business with blacks Black American gained entrance to unified public accommodation. Enactment through Parliament of public Privileges Act (1876), which banned racial favoritism within public housing, offers proof concerning sustained existence of racism as well as the call for

Uncle Vanya Essay Example for Free

Uncle Vanya Essay In Uncle Vanya by Anton Chekhov each character involved in the making of this play is not satisfied or content with life. They feel their life is a waste and they are still wasting them. Uncle Vanya, the character base of this play envies his brother in law, the professor because he is able to attract the ladies in spite of having no penny in his pocket. Astrov, the doctor, is discontent because all his life he has worked hard without any rest and he has nothing to boast about with him today. He has grown old, he has nothing to give him company but his vodka. Sonya, daughter of the professor, is in love with the doctor and is unsure of his love. She is unhappy because deep down she knows he is not in love with her but she is a more practical soul then the others. Sonya is not exactly content but she has her way of solving problems in her life as well as others lives. Yelena, the professor’s second wife, though attracted to the professor initially was never in love with him. She stays in the marriage more due to her conscience then for love. She has affectionate feelings for Astrov who reciprocates them but there is no future for that. Maria Vasilevna Voinitskaya, uncle vanya’s mother, is frustrated and unhappy waiting for the long journey towards end of life. Reading some pamphlets and writing is the only way she keeps herself occupied. Professor Alexander Vladimirovich Serebryakov, is a man who has no penny with him and is forced to stay in the estate of his first wife. He is not happy doing that and wishes to sell of the estate to buy a villa which creates a havoc. Telegin’s wife left him for someone else because of his looks and now he has to take care of his wife and her family. Marina, the old nurse, though irritated with the changed schedule, is a pleasant change from the frustrated atmosphere. From all this we know that none of the characters are content or satisfied.

You Cant Escape Death by William Golding Essay Example for Free

You Cant Escape Death by William Golding Essay There was once a man called Jack and he loved life so much he never wanted to die. He and his friends all lived in a little valley away from everybody. One day Jack decided to go see the lady of the cave to ask if there was any way in which he could live forever. When he got there the woman said, I know why you have come. Jack thought this woman was kind of scary but Jack didnt mind at all and she said, But there is nothing I can do for you. If you go and see the man of the forest he is much older than me and he may be able to help. The next day Jack got up and started his walk to the man of the forest, but when he got there Jack had to sit down because his legs ached so much as it had taken him half the day to get there. When he arrived the man of the forest looked very old and he said How are you? Jack asked, Are you the man of the forest? He said, Yes I am and what can I do for you? I want to know if you are going to live for ever. Yes I will live until all the trees in this forest die or fall down but that wasnt good enough for Jack he wanted to live forever. Jack went back home and went to bed. When he woke up next day he thought he would go and see the man of the river. He is very old and wise he will know! So he set on his way. It took him the whole day to walk there. He found the man lying drinking from the river and Jack introduced himself and asked the old man if he was going to live forever. The old man said, I will live until I drink this whole river dry. But that wasnt good enough for Jack. So he went back home to bed. The next day he got up and said, I know, I will go and see the man of the mountain. He set off. This was the longest journey of all, it took him two whole days to get there but he eventually made it and then he climbed the mountain, up to the mans castle. He knocked on the door and the very old man answered and said, Hi Jack I know why you are here and yes I will live until this mountain stands no more. Jack said, Yes can I live with you. So Jack moved in with the man and they lived for a very long time peacefully together. 200 years passed and they were both still lived happily together. Yet one day Jack decided he wanted to go back to see his old village and see how it had changed. The old man said, It will not be the same none of your friends will be there. Still if it pleases you that much you can take my horse. It will get you there and back in one day, but you must not get off this horse. If you do you will die. So Jack set off but when he arrived it had all changed. There were tall buildings and things on four wheels that Jack didnt like at all, so Jack went home and was very sad about his old village. On his way back he saw an old man sitting by the side of the road next to an over turned carriage and in the carriage were lots of worn out shoes. The old man asked Jack to help him. Please I cant lift my carriage back up can you help me? But Jack said, I am not allowed to get off my horse for any thing. But Jack felt sorry for the man and got off to help him. When the carriage was back on the road Jack asked, What are all the worn out shoes were for? The old man replied My name is Death and these are the shoes I have worn out running after you

Biography of Katherine Johnson

Biography of Katherine Johnson This autobiography is focused on Katherine Johnson, the human computer and mathematician. Her triumphs were a part of the civil rights movement, as she was one of the few federally employed African Americans specifically by NASA. While continuously fighting for the betterment of her education and career, she was successful in helping put the first man into space. In fact, it was John Glenn himself who requrested Mr. Johnsons confirmation of the BMIs calculations before boarding Friendship 7. She was a necessity in the launch and landing of Americas first space shuttle, providing to millions of Americans that a black person was just as capable as any. She was also the first black women integrated into West Virginia Universitys college. Her contributions to our country rewarded her the Presidential Medal of Freedom in 2015. Katherine Johnson was born in our very own home state on August twenty-sixth in the early fall of nineteen eighteen. She was born and raised in White Sulphur Springs, Greenbrier County, West Virginia. Her mother and father were Joshua and Joylette Coleman. She wa the youngest of four siblings, and both of her parents worked; her mother was a teacher and her father worked at the Greenbrier Hotel. They both loved Katherine dearly and wanted to further her education once they realized the great potential that she had. Many African Americans her age did not go past the eighth grade. Quickly, her parents enrolled all four of their children into high school on the campus of West Virginia State College. Traveling back and forth one hundred and fifty miles to White Sulphur Springs and Institute gave Katherine the opportunity to dream big just at the age of ten. Once Katherine graduated high school, she applied and was accepted into West Virginia State College which may also be known as West Virginia State University today. During her childhood she loved numbers, growing up she loved numbers, and as she aged she grew into a mathematician. While attending college, Katherine took advantage of every opportunity given to her. Many of Katherines professors recognized her determination as she took every math course available. A woman named W.W. Schiefflin Claytor even went to lengths to create her new math courses. At the age of eighteen, Katherine graduated college and accepted a teaching position at an African American public school in Virginia. Shortly after graduation, she met her first husband, James Goble, and married him in year of nineteen thirty-nine. Being the first African American in history to desegregate West Virginia University, Katherine enrolled into the graduate program. After one session, she decided to quit and start a family. Luckily at a family gathering, thirteen years later in nineteen fifty-two, a relative mentioned that the National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics was hiring mathematicians. The next year, she was offered a job which she accepted and became a part of NASA. Until nineteen fifty-eight, Katherine worked as a computer analyzing topics such as gust alleviation for aircraft. She was then assigned to help the male flight research team temporarily. Blowing away her bosses and colleagues with analytic geometry proved her position there, so she stayed. Taking on racial and gender discrimination was hard for Katherine; however, she persevered by ignoring them and sticking to her work. Throughout her career, she worked as an aerospace technologist, and was promoted to the Spacecraft Control Branch. She contributed and took place in major historical events and accomplishments for America such as John Glenns orbit around Earth, the Mercury mission, and putting the first man into space! She was expected to calculated trajectories, launch windows, and to plot navigational plots for astronauts in case of electronic failures. John Glenn specifically asked officials to have Katherine verify the calculations made by the computer, stating that he refused to fly otherwise. Her work ensured Alan Shepards Freedom 7 Mercury capsule would be found after it had landed. Her trajectories were required for the nineteen sixty-nine Apollo 11 flight to the moon. She helped creating a one-star observation system that would allow astronauts to determine their location with accuracy; After all, her concern was getting them (astronauts) back. Since there, she has worked on the Space Shuttl e program, the Earth Resources Satellite, and on plans for a mission to Mars. West Virginia University presented her with a Presidential Honorary Doctorate of Humane Letters for attaining national and international preeminence in the field of astrophysics and providing distinguished leadership and service in her field while the former President of the United States awarded her the Presidential Medal of Freedom.

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Euthyphro Good or bad, right or wrong, truth or lie, piety or impiety, just or unjust, honorable or dishonorable; these controversies are and always have been problematic for human beings. It is not as easy as it seems to draw a line between those antonyms, partly because people have cultural differences, dissimilar backgrounds, educational levels, values, believes, and views on religion, as in the case with Socrates and Euthyphro. Following the conversation of Socrates and Euthyphro, it is obvious that Socrates is a philosopher who relies on his philosophic point of view and believes that it is not normal to pursue your own father for murder, if he killed a non-relative. But vice versa, it is alright to press charges against your father, if the victim is a family member. As seen from Socrates’s proposition: â€Å"I suppose that the man whom your father murdered was one of your relative -- clearly he was; for if he had been a stranger you would never have thought of prosecuting him†. He is not only surprised about Euthyphro’s desire to bring his own father to court, but is also amazed that religion beliefs might be stronger then the relationship between father and son. On the contrary, Euthypro observes this case from a different point of view. For him it doesn’t matter, who is the murderer: â€Å"The real question is whether the murdered man has been justly slain. If justly, then y our duty is to let the matter alone; but if unjustly, then even if the murderer lives under the same table, proceed against him†. One can then ask: â€Å"What are the criteria for recognition of whether the murdered man has been justly or unjustly slain?† Socrates was in court awaiting trial on charges of impiety. The philosopher sarcastically agrees to be Euthyphro’s disciple, when Euthyphro suggest that he has deep knowledge of religion and of things pious and impious. It was important for Socrates to understand the difference between these terms, as he had to appear in court with justification of his actions (rash imagination and innovations in religion). Along their debate, Socrates is little-by-little persuading Euthyphro that the distinction between just and unjust, piety and impiety, honorable and dishonorable is very ambiguous and depends on how it is viewed and by whom it is viewed. Socrates points out that things and actions are not necessarily pious and holy when loved by Gods, because even Gods were frequently involved in immoral acts and very often even quarreled with each other.

Justification for Using Atomic Bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki Essay

On August 6, 1945 an American B-29 bomber named the Enola Gay dropped an atomic bomb on the Japanese city of Hiroshima. This was the first use of nuclear weapons in the history of human warfare and almost the last. Many people debate whether using nuclear weapons was a moral choice. I believe it was moral. Though many people died from the bomb, the amount of good that came from dropping it greatly outweighs the bad. A large issue that's brought up around the atomic bombings is the amount of people that were killed because of it. The total killed was 70,000 to 80,000 people initially and approximately 90,000 to 140,000 by the end of 1945. Though this number is catastrophic on it's own, it's relatively small comparatively. For example, when added with the number of people killed in the Nagasaki bombing (45,000) it comes to around 125,000 people killed in the first two blasts. Compare this with two firebombing raids over Tokyo, one raid killed about 125,000 people, the other nearly 100,000. That's approximately 125,000 killed with the atom bombs and 225,000 killed with normal...

Sublimation of Vanillin and O-Vanillin

Experiment In this experiment a high vacuum sublimation was performed to determine the vapor pressure and finally the enthalpy of sublimation of Vanillin and o-Vanillin. AKnudsen cell with sample was weighed 10 times maybe just say weighed by difference, they don’t usually like it when you spell out the steps like that no way it was like 0. 5 grams, check the lab again and at least 0. 5 g of Vanillin or o-Vanillin was added to the cell and it was reweighed 10 times.This experiment depended heavily on the method of weigh by difference when determining the mass of sample (Vanillin or o-Vanillin) loss in sublimation. A water bath (70 Â °C for vanillin or 40 Â °C for o-Vanillin) is prepared for the sample. The Knudsen cell was inserted into the sample tube and the closed end of the sample tube was placed into the prepared water bath. The tube with the O-ring was connected to the sublimation apparatus. The diffusion pump was connected to the water supply and turned on to 90 V. Th e cold trap of the apparatus was filled with Liquid nitrogen every hour of the experiment.Maybe talk about the type of vacuum pump used since there was so much about it in the lab manual After the sample had reached and sustained the desired temperature for about 5 minutes the sublimation region was roughed.. Just say that you roughed, they don’t usually like this step by step stuff with the valves, but I do like that talk about the pressures that we reached The time between the opening of valve 1 and 3 was the uncertainty in total time. The sublimation apparatus was place under high vacuum to initiate the sublimation process.After making sure the exhaust region pressure did not rapidly increase the temperature of the water bath was recorded every couple of minutes until only 15 minutes were left in the laboratory. This experiment was repeated for a 2nd trial with the only change being the water bath ( 55 Â °C for Vanillin or 30 Â °C for o-Vanillin). Need degree signs Data Analysis The purpose of this experiment was to determine the vapor pressure of Vanillin and o-Vanillin to thus determine the enthalpy of sublimation of Vanillin and o-Vanillin.The mass loss was determined by weighing the difference in the mass of the Knudsen cell + sample before and after sublimation. The area of the Knudsen cell orifice was determined by using the area of a circle equation A= (d/2)2 . The dimensionless correction factor (? ) was determined using the equation ? =1-0. 5(l/d)+0. 2(l/d)2 . Using the measured values of mass loss (m), total time (t), and temperature (T), along with calculated thickness parameter (? ) and area (A) we determined the vapor pressure of our samples using the following equation:Vapor Pressure (P) = ((m)? ( A? t))? SQRT((2 R? T)/(M)) Where R = 8. 314 J/kmol ? The calculated vapor pressure for each trial was used along with the measured average temperature from each trial in the temperature bound integrated Clausius-Clapeyron equation to determi ne the ? HÂ °Sub . Enthalpy of Sublimation ? HÂ °Sub = – Ln(P2/P1)(T2-T1)? R Using the Integrated Clausius-Clapeyron equation and the vapor pressure equation discussed the raw data was used to determine the following analyzed results for vapor pressure and ? HÂ °Sub for Vanillin and o-Vanillin..Probably should add standard deviations, even if they are those weird numbers we were still talking about in lab Thursday. | Vanillin T1| Vanillin T 2| o-Vanillin T 1| o-Vanillin T2| m (kg)| 8. 59E-06Â ±6. 37E-06| 6. 816E-05Â ±2. 458E-07| 2. 916E-05Â ±1. 350E-07| 6. 125E-05Â ±9. 156E-07| T (K)| 329. 02Â ±0. 30| 343. 54Â ±0. 16| 311. 40Â ±0. 08| 302. 73Â ±0. 06| t (sec)| 5732Â ±24| 6870Â ±13| 6291Â ±25| 6291Â ±40| P (Pa)| 1. 0107Â ±0. 2931| 6. 8358Â ±0. 1378| 3. 0406Â ±0. 0622| 6. 2972Â ±0. 1372| ? HÂ °Sub (J/mol)| -230. 728 Â ±239. 311| | 52. 4913 Â ±43. 7797| | ? | 0. 991928| | | | A (m^2)| 5. 024E-07 Â ± 1. 0053E-08| | | |

A Walk to Remember Essay

A Walk To Remember A Walk To Remember by Nicholas Sparks uses a numerous amount literary elements to create this heart throbbing phenomenon. Sparks uses foreshadowing to create clues to what will happen later on in the novel. â€Å"Jamie, sometimes in life there are times when we will laugh and other times when we will cry† (Sparks 77). Landon Carter the main character says this to Jamie foreshadowing the loving relationship that will develop between the two. Irony took part in this book as well. Landon tells Jamie, â€Å"Jamie, I promise I will not fall in love with you. Now will you go to homecoming with me? † (Sparks 44). It’s quite ironic that he mentions that to Jamie because that’s exactly what he ends up doing. â€Å"As I watched the snow melt, and the fresh essence of spring coming through the air, i realized the most precious thing of all†¦ life† (Sparks 278). Landon realizes that life goes on, even during the coldest times. â€Å"†¦ Casting a prism of light across the slowly darkening water, splitting itself in to a thousand different parts, each more beautiful than the last† (Sparks 216). Landon describes this breath taking sunset at the lake in a perfect sequence of words using imagery. This next quote describes Landon’s feelings of fear and hurt he has when he finds out about Jamie’s leukemia. He describes himself as, â€Å"The blood drained from my face and a sheet of dizzying images fluttered through my mind† (Sparks 292). 57 year old Landon Carter narrates the past of his 17 year old self, from when his life changed drastically. The antagonist and the protagonist of the story is Landon himself. At 17 he was at war with himself to find out who he really was, and who he really wanted to be. This conflict is resolved when Landon if forced to participate in a Christmas play at the town church where his character plays the conductor of an orchestra who is looking for this mystery, music making, girl with the voice of an angel. That girl, is Jamie, the pastors daughter. During there rehearsals Landon finds himself infatuated with Jamie. Jamie brings a whole new light and perspective to Landon’s life. When Landon confesses his love for Jamie, Jamie gets upset because she has to tell him she is sick with leukemia and she has less than a year to live. Landon is angry that their time together is limited, but he still finds himself falling for her more and more everyday. Landon Carter is the popular punk in High School. His foolish ways face him with consequences of an â€Å"after school† activity in a play at the local church. Out first Landon acts stubborn and unreliable. Of course when he lays eyes on Jamie he has need to know her more. A need to get inside her life. All Landon wants is to find out who he really is, to uncover his purpose. When he wasn’t looking, that purpose found him in the most peculiar place of all, inside Jamie’s heart. In A Walk To Remember by Nicholas Sparks, it tells a story about a 17 year old who searches for his purpose, and ends up finding love. This romance is a must read. It starts off a little slow but once it gets going, you will not want to put the book down. Not only is it about love but it is also a tragedy. It’s a book that gives you hope in life, puts tears in your eyes, and a smile on your face. A Walk To Remember is a heart wrenching novel! Landon Carter can be described as a perfect character. Someone who was unreliable, a punk, and then turns out to be the most amazing guy ever. A Walk to Remember Essay When I was 17, my life changed forever. I’m 57 years old, but even now I can remember everything from that year, down to the smallest details. I relieve that year often in my mind, bringing it back to life, and I realize that when I do, I feel a strange combination of joy and sadness†¦. this is my story; I promise to leave nothing out. First you will smile, then you will cry—don’t say you haven’t been warned. ’’ Written by an international bestselling author and my personal favorite Nicholas sparks, comes a tale of true love, first love and everlasting love that you will never forget! A walk to remember’ is most definitely my favorite book of all time. The tale begins with a 57 year old Landon Carter, looking back at the year of 1958 set in, North Carolina. He remembers every single thing in that year. From the smell of both the sea and lilacs to the girl that changed everything in his life forever. Landon had already dated a girl or two. He even swore that he had once been in love. Certainly the last person in town he thought he’d fall for was Jamie Sullivan, the daughter of the town’s Baptist minister. A quiet girl who always carried a Bible with her schoolbooks, Jamie seemed content living in a world apart from the other teens. She took care of her widowed father, rescued hurt animals, and helped out at the local orphanage. Out of guilt and a bizarre twist of fate, Landon asks Jamie to the school dance and ends up volunteering to help her in the town church’s Christmas play. Over time, they become close friends, they share their dreams and aspirations with each other and strangely enough Jamie nurtured a very simple dream to get married in a church full of people where she could walk the aisle. As time passes, Jamie shows Landon how deep the human soul can be, opening his eyes to the power of undying faith and the strength of compassion and love. As their kinship grows, Jamie reveals that she has leukemia, a type of cancer, and her health begins to deteriorate. This totally breaks Landon and he goes frantic not knowing what to do. He finally turns to the bible that Jamie had given him. He looks for answers and finally realizes that his loves Jamie too much to let her dreams slip away. He knows what to do when he reads the following passage in the bible. â€Å"I am not commanding you, but I want to test the sincerity of you love by comparing it to the earnestness of others. † He asks Jamie to marry him. The most memorable part of the book is the wedding ceremony when Jamie gets up from her wheelchair and calls upon all of her remaining strength to walk down the aisle to stand beside Landon. It was as Landon recalls the most difficult walk anyone ever had to make. It was in every way a walk to remember. Soon enough Jamie passes away. But she doesn’t leave before teaching Landon the depths of the human heart; she teaches him the power of forgiveness. She was an angel in Landon’s eyes, who brought him and his father together and she taught him to believe in miracles. A walk to remember was published by grand central publishing in October 1999. It is a hardcover paperback consisting of 250 pages. A walk to remember is an entirely a work of fiction. Romantic drama is the genre of the book. This book is listed as no 12 on the list of 1999 best seller. A walk to remember, received mixed reviews from all over the world. 9% of the reviews being positive, there were some who didn’t share the same opinion as the rest of those who consider the book as unforgettable. while ‘ African sun times’ rates the movies as ‘ a remarkable love story that, like its predecessors will touch the hearts of readers everywhere’, Clarissa Cruz of ‘entertainment weekly’ pans the novel saying that its cliche riddled pros and twists can be predicted after skimming the prologue. A walk to remember is my favorite book because of the fact that it touched me so deeply. It was the first and only book that ever made me cry. It is a sweet, simple, and beautiful story of how love can lead to miracles. Some may consider it sappy, but that’s just how Mr. Sparks wanted it to be. It wasn’t a cheesy ending where Jamie miraculously recovers from cancer. Jamie teaches Landon forgiveness, she teaches him to pray, she teaches him love. There is a part in the book where Landon asks Jamie whether, she’s lost her faith. When she replies no, he asks her, whether it is because she thinks she will get better. And Jamie replies ‘no, it’s because it’s the only thing I have left’. And that’s what I learn from the book. Faith! Faith in god, faith in the fact that things will get better someday, faith that I will be a better person than I am today, faith that I’ll see my dreams come true. And finally I would like to conclude with a passage from the bible that Landon considered Jamie to be as the truest essence of its description. ‘Love is always patient and kind It is never boastful or conceited. Love takes no pleasure in other peoples pain. But delight in truth. It is always ready to trust, to hope and to endure whatever comes† A Walk to Remember Essay If I were diagnosed with a terminal illness, I would probably change a lot of things in my life. The majority of people don’t take risks or make rash decisions on a daily basis because they know it will impact them the next day. There are so many sayings like ‘live in the present’ ‘live like there’s no tomorrow’ etc, but the problem is that for most people there IS a tomorrow. I’m not saying it’s bad to think about what you do before you do it by means though. In fact, I am a strong believer in thinking things out first- even to a fault sometimes-. So, if I were to be diagnosed with 6 months to live, that would most likely be the first thing I would change. I’m sure it would be crazily hard for my family and I if I had a terminal illness and I’m sure we would go through all 5 of the stages, but I don’t think it would hit us as hard as most. My family and I are strong Christian believers so we all know what will happen to us after we pass on. I believe that the stages of denial and bargaining would go over more smoothly with me than others I know. If I were diagnosed I have I feeling I would accept it easier than expected due to my beliefs and upbringing. In the movie â€Å"A Walk to Remember† Jamie and Landon go through the stages together, but in very different ways. Jamie has a much easier time with it than Landon because she knows what will happen to her when she dies while Landon had very undecided thoughts on the afterlife. Eventually after going through all the stages though, Landon’s view on life and death changed dramatically. He realized that life was too precious to worry about what people think about you and he learned to believe in himself. He turned into a better person overall and learned that everyday is a blessing. Because of Jamie’s faith in him, Landon starts to realize his potential; he applied for medical school and was accepted and started setting goals for his life. For Jamie on the other hand, she learns not to be afraid to fall in love. That even though she doesn’t have long to live; she shouldn’t deny herself some of the most important things in life. Her priorities changed to making sure she lived out her life as much she could with Landon. While Landon’s priorities changed in many aspects. He no longer cared what other people thought about him as Jamie became his main focus. When he decided to make all of Jamie’s dreams come true, he showed how selfless he was becoming and how his view on life and the people around him was changing. So all in all if I were told I had 6 months left to live, I would try and accept it as quickly as possible. Personally, I would be mad with myself if I wasted time being depressed while I could’ve been living my life. I know in reality I’m sure I would be depressed for at least a little bit of time, but I would try to get over that as quickly as possible so I could make my last 6 months the best they could be!

Additive Layer Manufacturing for Aerospace Parts Essay

ES Technology has revealed that additive layer manufacturing (ALM) for direct part production has been embraced by a number of manufacturing sectors, not least the aerospace industry The ability to produce components in a range of materials including hot-work steels, stainless steel, cobalt chromes and Inconel, plus titanium and aluminium alloys, presents the aerospace industry with large potential for direct part production using ALM. ALM has already been used to produce small and medium-sized aerospace components, and having realised the potential of the process, aerospace manufacturers are seeking to produce larger, more complex parts. Material Solutions operates an ALM applications development centre with a particular focus on the aerospace sector. Carl Brancher of Material Solutions, said: ‘ALM in high-performance materials is well suited for complex thin-walled structures in gas turbines. ‘However, as a new technology it is not yet well understood or validated by potential users and, like all manufacturing processes, to get the best from metal ALM requires the designer to understand the process capabilities and materials’ mechanical properties,’ he added. Brancher said Materials Solutions is bridging this gap by providing manufactured parts, consulting (principally to the aerospace market), and working with equipment and materials vendors to develop the technology for mass production. See more:Â  Masters of Satire: John Dryden and Jonathan Swift Essay The collaboration between Material Solutions and its industry clients has so far led to the production of a range of components over the last three years. This programme has now reached the limit of component size that can be produced using the existing Material Solutions ALM systems. With the continuing pressure from aerospace manufacturers to develop the capability to produce larger parts, Material Solutions turned to Concept Laser to explore the potential for building larger components using Concept Laser’s M3 linear system. The fundamental principles of the M3 linear make it a novel development in the world of ALM. Unlike other machines the M3 linear does not have fixed optics but a combination of galvo scanning mirrors and linear direct drives to move the scanning head. Already used to build larger volume components, the M3 linear has all of the pre-requisites for up-scaling to enable production of the types of components envisaged by the aerospace industry. It is not only the physical attributes of the system that lend themselves to production of large components but the process control and laser scanning strategy already developed by Concept Laser, which will eliminate the potential pitfalls of accuracy errors on large components. Having established the potential of the M3 linear machine, Material Solutions set out to design a test component that would qualify certain build criteria and which could also be used to educate and inform aerospace designers of ‘Additive Friendly’ design features and techniques. These include reducing supports and using larger flowing radii to assist in reducing the time to build and subsequently, component production and finishing costs. The test part incorporates many features such as small diameter holes, threaded features, thin rib sections and areas of thick material section all typically found in aerospace components. The greatest challenges for Concept Laser were that a component of this size had never before been built and added to this the part was required in an unexpectedly short timescale. The finished component demonstrates the current capabilities of the technology in terms of size (300mm diameter), accuracy and surface finish. While this part does not yet satisfy the ultimate demands of aerospace manufacturers it clearly confirms the capabilities of the process, the scalable potential of Concept Laser’s M3 linear machine and the sound base which Concept Laser have for further development of the M3 linear for large aerospace components. There are also practical aspects to be considered when building large parts. Larger volume components require greater volumes of powder and hence a robust and stable platform to accommodate the weight. Having then built a large volume, and potentially very heavy component, safe and easy removal is essential. The M3 linear machine is built around a substantial fabricated framework and already incorporates a removable build module enabling the module and component to be easily positioned under an overhead crane if required. The success of this exercise and the current collaboration between Material Solutions and Concept Laser will be used to define the future strategies that will eventually see parts manufactured by ALM techniques leave the laboratory and take to the air.

Heard and unheard music of Casablanca Essay

While Casablanca is one of the most know, satirized and often many lines repeated, the unsung hero of the movie is its music. Everyone knows â€Å"As time goes by†, but after seeing the movie can you think of any other music from this classic. People who have seen Casablanca dozens of times ( my father ) in their life can only remember â€Å"As time goes by†. This song brings back the happy memories of Ilsa and Rick in Paris. When Rick tells Sam not to play that song, is it possible that Rick never wants to remember the good times with a woman he will never see again or his alcoholic self destructive nature depriving himself of any happiness. Ilsa on the other hand wants to remember the good times and that is why she asks Sam to Play it. In the scene following Rick’s refusal to sell Laszlo the letters of transit, the German officers start singing a German song Die Wacht Am Rhein. Victor Laszlo never one to let the Germans get the upper hand asks the band to play La Marsellaise. Many in the crowd sing along to La Marsellaise as well as Laszlo. The German officers try in vain to out sing the crowd, but with their small numbers and their Nazi cause, the French Anthem wins the day. Shortly after this, Major Strasser orders Captain Renault to close down Rick’s. Two competing songs bring the closure of our heroes night club, a pivotal point in the movie, and few if any can remember the names of the 2 songs nor even hum a few bars. This scene also places Victor Laszlo on top of Major Strasser’s list of things he needs to clean up in Casablanca. So why is it that 2 epic anthem’s, such a critical part of this film goes unheard and a song like â€Å"As time goes by† is sung, hummed and quoted so often. It is my belief that â€Å"As time goes by â€Å" brings back the memories of the good times and Die Wacht Am Rhein and La Marsellaise bring up the confrontation that many go to the movies to forget. The next time I see Casablanca, I will be humming â€Å"As time goes by.

My media life Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

My media life - Essay Example Cellular phones, iPads, netbooks or any mobile device has afforded me the portability of communications not possible before any of these devices entered the consumer electronics market and makes life fulfilling. The sheer amount of information that is today available out there makes me selective on which media outlets that I visit and patronize. After all, there are only 24 hours in a day so that I have to allocate my time efficiently on what sites to visit and which media outlet to use. A person has to be very discriminating as well with regards to the information available, as it is not possible to regard everything and every bit of information posted on the Internet as very reliable. In other words, there is a pressing need for some form of content curation which will verify whether information is true or not; the rest of information out there may not be much of a worth or anything if it has not been verified or undergone some form of editing. Any person must be very discriminating indeed when it comes to getting information from some sources. I spend a considerable sum on my media access, which can be divided into television on cable and on Internet access with broadband connections. It is vital for me that I get a real moneys worth on what I am paying for but as mentioned before, I have to be very selective in the sites and sources of my information which I access almost on a daily basis. This means I get what I pay for in terms of entertainment, news information, specific knowledge on some topics for my research purposes, whatever this may be, and connecting with my friends and family in far-flung places. This means all my information sources must be reliable to a degree where I can assume everything that I read about is reliable, that information has been vetted. The Information Age has given way to the newer

Integrating Ethnographic and Quantitative Research Essay

Integrating Ethnographic and Quantitative Research - Essay Example By providing this insight into communication they are able to point out the deficiency seen in Kleinfeld’s work, as she has failed to include this aspect in her work effectively. The study is mainly based on previous works in the field which are either descriptive or analytical in nature. The authors argue about some of Kleinfeld’s ideas related to the extent of impact of cultural differences on educational attainment of learners; especially among the minority students. They also argue that cultural differences are essential factors that might influence the learning processes, to which Kleinfeld does not appear to be paying attention. Thus, studying and understanding the real situation of cultural differences might improve the learning conditions and ultimately learning outcomes by affecting the cognitive process of the learners. This impact reflects the need to study and address the educational needs. The issue of cultural differences reflects the need for a change in educational practices to improve education achievements. The authors also stress the importance of using appropriate methods in studying cultural issues because personal attitudes of teachers in schools cannot work as evidence for studying minority students. Ethnographic studies can be taken as an example in this case, but there are other quantitative methods that may help in communicative and non-verbal studies. Thus, it will become clear that non-verbal differences are more obvious than the spoken language. A lack of existence of a common language of communication between two individuals may result in unclear signaling of expressions. The authors further argue that Kleinfeld in her work has assumed that it is lack of ‘motiviation’ that affects the learning of minority students. This implies their unwillingness to learn about the cultural values of the majority

Film review Movie Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 10

Film - Movie Review Example The film also captivates through its application of irony as Raphael’s status changes from an arrogant successful salesperson to an oppressed loser (Iglesia). The film’s major characters are Raphael and Lourdes. These characters play a major role in the development of the story line besides aiding application of literacy styles, such as irony, in the film. Minor characters on the other hand include Antonio, who beat Raphael in a promotion opportunity, other sales women, the employing organization, and the passive criminal investigation system. These characters facilitate demonstration of Raphael and Lourdes’ character traits. The sales women for example elevate Raphael’s social power but undermine Lourdes (Iglesia). One of the added techniques to the film is flashback, applied towards the film’s end. The technique further illustrates the relationship between Raphael and Lourdes and therefore enriches the storyline

Identity Theft in the Organization Research Paper

Identity Theft in the Organization - Research Paper Example However, in other organizations, this is something that is known. This is especially in hospitals where the patients use their social security numbers and in financial institutions. This paper discusses the issue of identity theft, how major institutions govern the information of clients and additionally, recommendations on how to stop identity theft. To start with, the organization can create the post of an ethics officer. The web surfing history of the employee is something that should be monitored closely if organizations want to be sure of the operations that an employee is carrying out. In addition, this is something that if an organization fails to adhere to, may lead to the loss of not only the data of the clients but the overall bad image of the organization. There are numerous ways and means of monitoring an employee’s web surfing and email history (Henk, Tilborg, & Jajodia, 2011, p. 1248). An ethics officer is someone who is employed by an organization to ensure that employees do not go against the rules and ethics of the workstation. This is a post that is however given to a very trusted employee since he or she is trusted to guide the other employees so as not to steal data from the organization. The workstation is something that is clearly important if the organization is dealing with matters that may lead to i dentity theft and therefore, there should be rules and regulations that govern the way the employees perform and conduct themselves. On the other hand, sometimes the employees fail to adhere to these rules and it is at this point that the ethics officer comes in. One of the major rules in an organization is that the employee should not in any way jeopardize the information of the client maliciously and use it for his or her own benefits. In other words, an employee should not be involved in identity theft. Monitoring the cookies information is also important Henk, Tilburg, & Jajodia, 2011, p. 1249).

Private interest groups and their role in Washington Essay

Private interest groups and their role in Washington - Essay Example Each law or amendment has a bunch of monetary transactions behind it. While a conventional market place sells commodities and services, the Congress sells legislative favors. It is a pitiable condition, but nevertheless true. Numerous empirical studies have been conducted on understanding the nature of influence of interest groups. As far as studies on interest groups’ ability to influence legislative voting, the results are mixed. It is fairly clear that cultural issues such as gay rights, abortion, school prayer, etc have minimal interference from interest groups. The reason is obvious – they have no overt commercial bearing. For general socio-cultural topics â€Å"legislative voting is driven by partisanship, ideology, religious beliefs, and constituency opinion, with interest group influence occurring at the margins. Interest group influence on culture war issues is conditional, but may be more visible simply because support has been relatively low.† (Haider-Markel, 1999) Amid the generic fear over the influence of interest groups, a particular concern has risen over the notion that Political Action Committees (PACs) are buying the allegiance of politicians. The flow of money into PAC’s reveals a blatant misuse of campaign financing. For example, the PAC leadership has been found to allow special interests and big business to sway key decisions. One can garner this from an analysis of receipts and expenditure incurred by PACs in the last decade. The spirit behind limits to campaign donation is to pre-empt any undue pressure from large donors. But this regulation is easily circumvented â€Å"by giving to a members personal campaign fund and to his or her leadership PAC†. (Public Citizens Congress Watch, 2004) So, legal loopholes such as these have effectively made election campaigns sophisticated quid-pro-quo affairs. To cite an example, during the 1991-92 Congressional elections, the maximum personal campaign fund cap

Personal Statement Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 21

Personal Statement Example Essentially, I have many of the required qualities to make a good accountant. Besides, accounting was my major during my undergraduate program. All these attributes will contribute to my competence when I enrol for my MAcc program. Since every field requires some qualities and skills, accounting too requires some basic qualities, a majority of which I possess. Primarily, I am good with calculations and mathematics has always been my favourite subject from my early childhood education. It has also enabled me to comprehend the beauty of accounting as a career path. I strongly believe that I can make a competent and efficient accountant with the good quantitative skills that I possess. Moreover, my communication skills are excellent for both oral and written communication. I fully understand the fact that accountants deal various clienteles on a daily basis and this aspect requires excellent interpersonal and communication skills. I have won several accolades for debating contests in high schools because of my good oral expression skills. As far as time management is concerned, I am proud to say that I allocate everything that I do appropriate time. My good time management skills have enabled me to balance between family, relationships, life, and education without necessarily affecting my grades. In addition, I have good analytical skills that are vital for all accountants. I always assess every situation before acting or making a decision. Since accounting is a respected profession all over the world, I have always strived to maintain a high sense of professionalism. I have managed to accomplish this attribute through honesty, trustworthiness, and listening attitude. I uphold high ethical standards because I understand that every client and stakeholder deserves respect and personal integrity. I was a student leader both in high school and at the university and such privileges have enabled me to act professionally at all

Presidential and Congressional Relationship Essay

Presidential and Congressional Relationship - Essay Example Influence includes the swaying ability especially of the leaders. The effect of a leader accompanies the leader’s ability to possess impacts on characters, progress or act of population or things and the impacts themselves. The success relates to the influence closely to determine the presidential authority. The differences between success and influence are critical for determination since the two aspects depends on each other. Among the populations in America and numerous parts of the world, influence normally comes after success. The president can only be considered successful after a series of accomplishments. This leaves the success as an evident factor based on the physical attainments of development. Success bears effects of creating the popularity in a leader and the rest of the congressional members would wish to associate with successful president. The preference of association with success is a common feature amongst the human. The character on the quest for success is borne amidst the human conscience with a notion that success is the only means of gaining authority. Success entails a number of elements for its merit and completion. Success is a virtue that lies in a leader’s intrapersonal traits. ... The success can attain man achievement with the involvement of flexibility in leadership. The agreement amongst the president, congress and the senate results into leadership success. Unlike success, influence operates on the impact. The outstanding difference between success and influence depends on the span through which each is accomplished and the necessities. Influence lies in the population reasoning on the president. The members of population include the legislature and the public at in unison. The president can prove of being influential after meriting the population and the fellow leaders gauging. America remains a significant country in the global scope since its leadership and the political systems are worlds concerns. Therefore, the influence of the American president is as well as the global influence. Influence determines the president’s authority and the ability to succeed in the legislative decisions. The above descriptions render the influence as a dependent f actor on success. Thus, success can result solely in the absence of influence contributing to their dissimilarity. Influence result from the people’s perceptions to the president. Influence also occurs as a result of the success. A critical question can emanate from the fact that a leader can be successful but not influential. The answer to this question lies on the differences between success and influence and the requirements of each. Success can result from the president’s achievement in only one 2perspective maybe triggering fundamental developments in the country. Influence demands more than a unidirectional achievement and can be attained through winning the confidence of the public and

Folate through Lifecycle Nutrition Research Paper - 1

Folate through Lifecycle Nutrition - Research Paper Example The required Folate intake amount depends on the condition.3 Folate can be derived mostly in vegetables4. However, there are alternative ways through which humans can get Folate nutrients. Through fortification, consumers can derive Folate from foods that do not naturally contain Folate.5 Whereas Folate has been identified to prevent neural tubal disorders among pregnant mothers, mostly the correct administration also matters.6 Folate becomes effective when taken during the initial weeks of conception.7 Folate is believed to have various effects on human health, hence there is the need to study the facts surrounding it. To ascertain the effects of Folate in the life cycle of humans, various studies have been conducted. Greenberg et al established that Folate is essential in both nutrition and reproduction. During pregnancy, Folate is required in abundance since it is an essential element in fetal growth.8 Since it cannot be synthesized anew from the body, it is recommended for mothers to take foods rich in foliate during pregnancy. This reduces chances of the offspring and parent to suffer from foliate deficiency related diseases, in this case anemia or neural tubal defects.8 A study conducted by Blencowe et al showed that mothers who had previous cases of pregnancies with neural tubal disorders reduced their chances of the condition recurring by 75% if they took Folate supplements9. For mothers who never had previous cases of Neural tubal disorders the rate of reduction of potential neural tubal disorders reduced by 62%9. In addition to these results, the study identified that despite neural tubal disorders being the most prevalent cases of Folate deficiency during pregnancy there are other risks. Neural tubal disorders in this case affect the infants’ functionality of the brain and spinal cords. Another common case of foliate deficiency diseases for infants that was observed is

Effects of Prostitution Essay Example for Free

Effects of Prostitution Essay Ones adolescent stage is viewed as innocent and pure. However, a multi-million dollar industry within our world strips teens from their youth and leaves them fighting for their lives. Children as young as 10 are working the streets as their life style revolves around prostitution. United States of America implies an image that any individual can live a life filled with money. However, not everyone reaches this â€Å"American Dream†. Those who were not born into money know the hardships of the streets and the feeling of desperation and loneliness. Societies youth fall victim to prostitution as an ttempt to fill a void within their lives. Their bodies become the product of their new found income. Media avoids revealing the truth about teen prostitution and many individuals within society show little interest nor sympathy towards them. Unfortunately, many view teen prostitution as a crime and those who are involved in teen prostitution are referred to as criminals. However, society is incapable of seeing beyond stereotypes. Teen prostitutes fall victim to countless obstacles that have taken place within their personal life in which lead them to be stripped from their innocence and forced to sell their odies in order to survive. In a world that revolves around money, sex, and drugs, these teens become vulnerable to STDs and put themselves in situations in which can be life threatening. Read more:  Effects of Prostitution Both sexes undergo intensive psychological damage while prostituting and feel as if it is impossible to escape from the world they have so willingly ran to. In Joan J. Johnsons, Teen Prostitution, Johnson evaluates Americas youth and the connection with the rapid increase in teen prostitutes and the reasons why teens choose this path. Majority of youths enter the life style of a prostitute due to growing up in busive homes, feeling neglected, or have been dealing with money struggle to support their drug habit. Evidently, throughout Johnsons analysis she reveals a solution on how to prevent our youths from resulting to prostitution, her answer involves a prevention plan. Through statistics, articles, and personal stories, Johnson successfully unravels the truth behind why teens end up on the streets and the outcome of this social problem. Joan J. Johnsons, Teen Prostitution is structured into ten chapters. Within her novel Johnson goes into depth and evaluates the cause, process, and outcome of teens who urn to prostitution. Statistics have shown that an estimate of 400,000 teens enter the world of prostitution. According to Johnsons research: All but 5 percent of todays teenage prostitutes have been violently physically abused, many by their own parents. All but 15 percent have been coerced into having incestuous sexual relations with their families members [ ] 5 percent have been sexually abused by other people not in the immediate family. Finally only 2 percent come from families that have remained intact with both natural parents still leaving at home. ( Johnson 12) It is clear that societies youths feel the need to escape as a result to the feeling of betrayal from family members. However, studies have shown that not all teens fall victim to extensive abuse or betrayal. Some choose this life style or have fallen in love with their pimps. These types of situations prevent the teen from leaving this form of activity. Johnson provides a study by Dr. Michael Braizerman from the University of Minnesota to back up her theory. Dr. Braizerman states that pimps use manipulation and persuasion to keep these females and sometimes males hooked on prostituting. Some of these tactics include drug addiction and dependency. Pimps target those who are socially awkward, and unattractive, then these pimps navigate themselves into this individuals life and makes them believe there is something better along side them and there business. Johnson stresses how abused children would rather sell their bodies than stay within a home where they feel abandoned and where they are surrounded by violence. Therefore, teens take drastic measures and find themselves on the streets, barely clothed, and turning tricks for a few dollars. In Elaine Landaus, On the Streets, Landau reveals hat around 85 percent of those who run away from there abused parents are most likely to become involved in prostitution. In a global scale approximately 2 million teens run away each year and 20 percent of these teens become full-time prostitutes. It is clear that with Johnsons collected data she declares that abused teens not only face psychological hardships, but they are most likely to take part in hard-core prostitution. These teens have now formed dependency among there pimps and â€Å"sugar daddies†. Johnson goes into depth when discussing the forms of abuse that can ultimately destroy a hild and force them to grow up into the world of prostitution. Johnson demonstrates four forms of abuse that can take place within ones childhood and adolescent stage. One of Johnsons evidence for why teens result to prostituting is because most of these teenagers have originated from abusive homes. An abusive home can include parents that show little to no interest to their offspring or can be considered as irresponsible towards their family duties. When abuse takes places it leaves the victim vulnerable and unable to defend for themselves. Physical abuse involves a parent using their fists or hysical object. Johnson explains tha t physical abuse has been ignored by society for decades. However, its internal damage is hard to ignore. Evidence collected proved that females were more accountable for physical abuse rather than males. Seventy-five out of a hundred female prostitutes have admitted to being abused by a male father figure in their childhood. Joan J. Johnson says, â€Å"Most often, youths are â€Å"put down† as failures, weaklings, and unwanteds. † (Johnson 51). Successfully Johnson was able to show how emotional abuse can also impact children and force them to make choices that will ffect their lives forever. Through verbal abuse, children begin to lack self-esteem and begin to believe everything that their parents call them, having them helpless and incapable of accomplishment. Children who face sexual abuse use endure this from a very young age. Johnson states that sexual abuse could be the main reason why teens lash out and become prostitutes. Johnson refers to this form of abuse as, â€Å"the fastest growing category of family-violence cases. † (Johnson 52). Johnson proves that sexual abuse can range from an age as early as three and can continue until the child leaves home. Joans final form of abuse is considered as incest. According to Johnson incest involves a child that is being sexually abused by a member within their own family. Evidently Johnsons claim on the affects of abuse within ones childhood proves that no matter the form of abuse, it leaves the victim with psychological damage. These victimized children see no other way and are convinced it is their duty to submit themselves. Johnson states that years of sexual abuse forces the victim to allow others to sexually abuse them as well. Clearly a pattern begins to take its shape and these victimized teens see no other option but to flee to the streets since they were betrayed by those who were meant to care, protect, and nurture them. With any form of abuse comes along the higher percentage that these victims of abuse or rape will soon turn into teen prostitutes. The term neglect is frequently used by Johnson within her novel, as she evaluates the structure within ones home and the neglect that these teenage victims are forced to overcome. Johnson states that, â€Å"Many come from homes charged with tension. † (Johnson 44). Along with tension comes arguments, unhappiness, and abandonment. Neglect usually starts from a troubled home. These troubled homes occasionally include a family member who possesses a drug or alcohol addiction. Johnson provides her readers evidence to support her theory, as a result about 70 percent of teen prostitutes claimed to have watched their families crash and burn through divorce or separation. The author then declares that once a family is shattered, the victims life undergoes countless challenges. Neglect is shown towards the child as neither parent feels the need to care for their offspring. This leaves the child to wonder for a father or mother figure. In order to fill the void of attention and care, these teens find hope within their pimps and fellow prostitutes. In their eyes, this type of relationship is the best they can receive and the closest to a family. Ken Magid, chief of psychological services at Golden Medical Clinic in Colorado said that â€Å"few children are ever able to trust others or form intimate, deep relationships. † Due to all the traumatic stress and neglect provided by their families these teens will become un-attached to reality. Many of these teen prostitutes were forced to grow up at a very young age, due to the lack of a parent figure. The outcome of a troubled home results in a child having to facing drug or alcohol abuse, or form a mental illness. Alongside neglect, disappointment, and rejection comes the terms of a â€Å"runaway†, â€Å"throwaway†, and â€Å"foster care runaways†. Each form have demonstrated neglect in one way or another from a family member or parent figure in which forces these teens to run from their problems and seek salvation. Johnson refers to a runaway as a teen who chooses to leave their home, whether it be due to abuse or neglect. Statistics has shown that the longer an individual stays on the streets, the more likely they will turn to prostitution and avoid returning home. According to Joan J. Johnson, family troubles are the main reason why runaways occur within America. Unlike a runaway whom chooses to leave their troubled home, a throwaway is given no choice and thrown out by their guardian. Johnson uses a study collected by a U. S Senate committee that states that families kick their children out before they are capable of fending for themselves. These parents refuse to take their children back into their homes due to a mental illness or he fact that they are unable to cope with them any longer. Johnson successfully demonstrates the change that has occurred within the United States in the last few decades. It is clear that decades before our time, extended family would usually step in if a relative was in needed or neglected by their own intimate family. However, Johnson has acknowledged that as time has passed our so called extended family have begun to isolate themselves and move farther away with little to no communication. Therefore, with no help from relatives, these throwaways are left with no other choice then to sell the nly thing they have to offer, their bodies. Majority of teen prostitutes have originated through the foster care system. Johnson recognized that most of these teens were put into foster care due to being in neglected homes. However, evidently these teens were already damaged mentally and physically that it was too late to save them from prostituting. On the other hand Johnson adds that the foster care system can also share the blame in pursuing a teen to runaway and turn to prostituting. Even with support from social workers and foster parents, some of these children are scarred to the point where they reject any orm of relationship. Johnson lashes out against the media and blames the media for putting a negative light against foster parents and the foster care system in general. Due to the perspective of the media, many teens view the streets as a more safer gateway in comparison to the foster care system. Despite the fact that if these teens are runaways or throwaways, they have been forced down a path in which no soul should be forced to go down. Abusive homes and neglect forces a teen to end up on the streets. However, drugs and money are the reasons why some of our youths stay. The drug world is a multi-million dollar industry and is sed by pimps to secure their prostitutes and ensure they continue their business. Johnson stresses the use of drugs and its important role in the prostitution world. Pimps offer drugs to their prostitutes and manipulate them into thinking that it is a form of an escape. After a drug addiction is formed, Johnson says, â€Å"drugs have long been used to create dependencies that entrap male and female prostitutes, keeping them working, passive, and obligated in order to support their habits. † (Johnson 96). Pimps have developed strategies that ensure their prostitutes loyalty to their business. Once again, Johnson compares the past and present. She identifies the drug abuse that occurred in the past in comparison to recent years. Johnson states that in the past pimps were the ones who introduced teens to drugs and addiction. However, times have changed and now teens have already experimented with drugs long before entering the streets. It is clear that many teens turn tricks just to support their drug addiction. Johnson claims that as a teens drug addiction worsens the harder it is to resist prostituting. Not only do drugs pursue a teen to prostitute, but money does as well. Money is the key attribute for survival and like any other human being, it is viewed as a necessity.

Cloud Computing Models Changing The World Information Technology Essay

Cloud Computing Models Changing The World Information Technology Essay The Cloud has become a new vehicle for delivering resources such as computing and storage to customers on demand. Rather than being a new technology in itself, the cloud is a new business model wrapped around new technologies such as server virtualization that take advantage of economies of scale and multi-tenancy to reduce the cost of using information technology resources. This paper discusses the business drivers in the Cloud delivery mechanism and business model, what the requirements are in this space, and how standard interfaces, coordinated between different organizations can meet the emerging needs for interoperability and portability of data between clouds. Hence, Cloud computing is about moving services, computation and/or data-for cost and business advantage-off-site to an internal or external, location-transparent, centralized facility or contractor. By making data available in the cloud, it can be more easily and ubiquitously accessed, often at much lower cost, increasing its value by enabling opportunities for enhanced collaboration, integration, and analysis on a shared common platform. Cloud computing describes both a platform and a type of application. A cloud-computing platform dynamically provides, configures, reconfigures, and deprovisions servers as needed. Cloud applications are applications that are extended to be accessible through the Internet. These cloud applications use large data centers and powerful servers that host Web applications and Web services. Enterprises are increasingly making innovation their highest priority. They realize they need to seek new ideas and unlock new sources of value. Driven by the pressure to cut costs and grow- simultaneously-they realize that its not possible to succeed simply by doing the same things better. They know they have to do new things that produce better results. Cloud computing enables innovation. It alleviates the need of innovators to find resources to develop, test, and make their innovations available to the user community. Innovators are free to focus on the innovation rather than the logistics of finding and managing resources. Enterprises can choose to deploy applications on Public, Private or Hybrid clouds. Cloud Integrators can play a vital part in determining the right cloud path for each organization. Therefore, there are four types of cloud paths they are : Cloud computing provides the facility to access shared resources and common infrastructure, offering services on demand over the network to perform operations that meet changing business needs. The end user does typically not know the location of physical resources and devices being accessed. It also provides facilities for users to develop, deploy and manage their applications on the cloud, which entails virtualization of resources that maintains and manages itself. Cloud Computing, to put it simply, means Internet Computing. The Internet is commonly visualized as clouds; hence the term cloud computing for computation done through the Internet. With Cloud Computing users can access database resources via the Internet from anywhere, for as long as they need, without worrying about any maintenance or management of actual resources. Besides, databases in cloud are very dynamic and scalable. Cloud computing is unlike grid computing, utility computing, or autonomic computing. In fact, it is a very independent platform in terms of computing. The best example of cloud computing is Google Apps, where any application can be accessed using a browser and it can be deployed on thousands of computer through the Internet. Æ’Â ¨WHAT DOES CLOUD COMPUTING MEAN TO US? Cloud computing is set to take over the world, or at least possibly replace Microsoft Outlook. The cloud concept is simple: Its a way to access your data and apps from anywhere, via the Internet (or the cloud). Yet everyone from Gartner Group to Google has a slightly different take on cloud computing: It can be anything from storing and sharing documents on Google Docs to running your entire company operations using a remote, third-party data center. Some envision it as a way to compute without operating systems, or pesky local client programs, and with minimal hardware needs (just a basic client machine). The most important single characteristic of a cloud is abstraction of the hardware from the service, says John Willis, a noted cloud-computing expert and blogger, explaining that the location of the servers is not as important as easy access to the data. However you define it, I think cloud technology will have a footprint in every business that does IT within the next five years. Cloud computing increases capacity and expands computing capabilities without heavy investment in infrastructure, training or software licensing. Most importantly though it democratizes Web 2.0-application development. With the removal of two significant barriers to entry cost and capacity access suddenly even small, lesser-funded entrepreneurs can dream big and bring their grand Web 2.0 applications to market. CLOUD COMPUTING has been changing how most people use the web and how they store their files. Its the structure that runs sites like  Facebook, Amazon and Twitter and the core that allows us to take advantage of services like Google Docs and Gmail. But how does it work Æ’Â ¨HOW DOES CLOUD COMPUTING WORK? Before we dig further into how does cloud computing work, first lets understand what the term CLOUD refers to.   The concept of the cloud has been around for a long time in many different incarnations in the business world. It mostly means a  grid of computers  serving as a service-oriented architecture to deliver software and data. Most websites and server-based applications run on particular computers or servers. What differentiates the cloud from the way those are set up is that the cloud utilizes the resources from the computers as a  collective virtual computer, where the applications can run independently from particular computer or server configurations. They are basically floating around in a cloud of resources, making the hardware less important to how the applications work. With broadband Internet, the need to have the software run on your computer or on a companys site is  becoming less and less essential. A lot of the software that people use nowadays are completely web-based. The cloud takes advantage of that to bring it to the next level. For example, if you are  hosting your website on a local server  or from your PC, you must usually select a particular operating system (Windows/Linux/Mac), to determine what software you can run on that particular server. If your site is being hosted in the cloud, there is no need to do that. You can run Windows and Linux programs side by side. Æ’Â ¨HOW IS THAT DONE? To understand how does cloud computing work, imagine that the cloud consists of layers mostly the  back-end  layers and the  front-end  or user-end layers. The front-end layers are the ones you see and interact with. When you access your email on Gmail for example, you are using software running on the front-end of a cloud. The same is true when you access your Facebook account. The back-end consists of the hardware and the software architecture that fuels the interface you see on the front end. As always seen, the user-end is usually a third party application or a termination for implementing their ideas on a visual end and rest all (hardware and logical) is taken care off at the back-end. Because the computers are set up to work together, the applications can take advantage of all that computing power as if they were running on one particular machine. Cloud computing also allows for a lot of flexibility. Depending on the demand, you can increase how much of the cloud resources you use without the need for assigning specific hardware for the job, or just reduce the amount of resources assigned to you when they are not necessary. The Cloud makes it possible to launch Web 2.0 applications quickly and to scale up applications as much as needed when needed. The platform supports traditional JavaTM and Linux, Apache, MySQL, PHP (LAMP) stack-based applications as well as new architectures such as MapReduce and the Google File System, which provide a means to scale applications across thousands of servers instantly. Æ’Â ¨WILL IT CHANGE THE WAY WE USE COMPUTERS? The transition from being very personal hardware dependent to a world where resources are shared among the masses is creeping up on us slowly and unobtrusively. Very many people have already transitioned to using a cloud environment for most of their time in front of the computer without even realizing it. Sure, most of us still use some version of Microsoft Office or Quickbooks that was installed on our computers, but even  those kinds of software are now offering an online version  that can be used instead. The possibility of being able to access your data and software wherever you need it makes this transition very appealing to most people. Are there problems with this concept? Of course there are. If for some reason your internet goes down, your access to your data also disappears. There are security concerns with the data and the risk that companies will use proprietary formats for the files and that require that you pay for a certain service monthly or you may lose access to your own data permanently. So choose wisely when picking a service to use with your important data and make sure it can be downloaded if needed, but also enjoy the flexibility those services provide. The wave of the future is in the cloudsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ Dreaming big.   Now thats what its all about. MODELS AND TYPES OF CLOUD COMPUTING Æ’Â ¨ Cloud Computing Models Cloud Providers offer services that can be grouped into three categories, they are: Software as a Service (SaaS): In this model, a complete application is offered to the customer, as a service on demand. A single instance of the service runs on the cloud multiple end users are serviced. On the customersà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã… ¸ side, there is no need for upfront investment in servers or software licenses, while for the provider; the costs are lowered, since only a single application needs to be hosted maintained. Today companies such as Google, Salesforce, Microsoft, Zoho, etc offer SaaS. Platform as a Service (Paas): Here, a layer of software, or development environment is encapsulated offered as a service, upon which other higher levels of service can be built. The customer has the freedom to build his own applications, which run on the providerà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã… ¸s infrastructure. To meet manageability and scalability requirements of the applications, PaaS providers offer a predefined combination of OS and application servers, such as LAMP platform (Linux, Apache, MySql and PHP), restricted J2EE, Ruby etc. Googleà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã… ¸s App Engine, Force.com, etc are some of the popular PaaS examples. Infrastructure as a Service (Iaas): IaaS provides basic storage and computing capabilities as standardized services over the network. Servers, storage systems, networking equipment, data centre space etc. are pooled and made available to handle workloads. The customer would typically deploy his own software on the infrastructure. Some common examples are Amazon, GoGrid, 3 Tera, etc are some of the popular IaaS examples. Æ’Â ¨ Types Of Cloud Computing Enterprises can choose to deploy applications on Public, Private, Community or Hybrid clouds. Cloud Integrators can play a vital part in determining the right cloud path for each organization. Cloud  Computing  can be classified into 4 types on the  basis of location  where the cloud is hosted: Public Cloud Æ’Â   Public clouds are owned and operated by third parties; they deliver superior economies of scale to customers, as the infrastructure costs are spread among a mix of users, giving each individual client an attractive low-cost, Pay-as-you-go model. All customers share the same infrastructure pool with limited configuration, security protections, and availability variances. These are managed and supported by the cloud provider. One of the advantages of a Public cloud is that they may be larger than an enterprises cloud, thus providing the ability to scale seamlessly, on demand. Æ’Â   Also, the infrastructure is hosted at the vendors premises. The customer has no  visibility  over the location of the cloud computing infrastructure. The computing infrastructure is shared between organizations. Private Cloud Æ’Â   Private clouds are built exclusively for a single enterprise. They aim to address concerns on data security and offer greater control, which is typically lacking in a public cloud. There are two variations to a private cloud: -> On-premise Private Cloud: On-premise private clouds, also known as internal clouds are hosted within ones own data center. This model provides a more standardized process and protection, but is limited in aspects of size and scalability. IT departments would also need to incur the capital and operational costs for the physical resources. This is best suited for applications, which require complete control and configurability of the infrastructure and security. -> Externally hosted Private Cloud: This type of private cloud is hosted externally with a cloud provider, where the provider facilitates an exclusive cloud environment with full guarantee of privacy. This is best suited for enterprises that dont prefer a public cloud due to sharing of physical resources. Æ’Â   All in all, private cloud  architecture is dedicated to the customer and is not shared with other organizations. They are expensive and are considered more secure than Public Clouds. Private clouds may be externally hosted ones as well as in premise-hosted clouds. Hybrid Cloud Æ’Â   Hybrid Clouds combine both public and private cloud models. With a Hybrid Cloud, service providers can utilize 3rd party Cloud Providers in a full or partial manner thus increasing the flexibility of computing. The Hybrid cloud environment is capable of providing on-demand, externally provisioned scale. The ability to augment a private cloud with the resources of a public cloud can be used to manage any unexpected surges in workload. Æ’Â   In technical terms, Organizations host some critical, secure applications in private clouds. The not so critical  applications  are hosted in the public cloud. The combination is known as Hybrid Cloud.  Cloud bursting  is the term used to define a  system  where the organization uses its own infrastructure for normal usage, but cloud is used for peak loads. Community Cloud Æ’Â   The cloud  infrastructure  is shared between the  organizations  of the same community. Æ’Â  For example, all the government agencies in a city can share the same cloud but not the non government agencies. DISTINGUISHING PUBLIC, PRIVATE AND HYRBRID CLOUDS, DIAGRAMMATICALLYà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦. Difference Between Cloud Computing And Other Computing Techniques. Æ’Â ¨ Cloud Computing Vs Grid (distributed) Computing Grid computing has been used in environments where users make few but large allocation requests. For example, a lab may have a 1000 node cluster and users make allocations for all 1000, or 500, or 200, etc. So only a few of these allocations can be serviced at a time and others need to be scheduled for when resources are released. This results in sophisticated batch job scheduling algorithms of parallel computations. Vs Cloud computing really, is about lots of small allocation requests. The Amazon EC2 accounts are limited to 20 servers each by default and lots and lots of users allocate up to 20 servers out of the pool of many thousands of servers at Amazon. The allocations are real-time and in fact there is no provision for queuing allocations until someone else releases resources. This is a completely different resource allocation paradigm, a completely different usage pattern, and all this results in completely different method of using compute resources. - In grid computing, a single big task is split into multiple smaller tasks, which are further distributed to different computing machines. Upon completion of these smaller tasks, they are sent back to the primary machine which in return offers a single output. Vs Whereas a cloud computing architecture is intended to enable users to use difference services without the need for investment in the underlying architecture. Though, grid too offers similar facility for computing power, but cloud computing isnt restricted to just that. With a cloud users can avail various services such as website hosting etc. Grid computing is where more than one computer coordinates to solve a problem together. Often used for problems involving a lot of number crunching, which can be easily parallelizable. Vs Cloud computing is where an application doesnt access resources it requires directly, rather it accesses them through something like a  service. So instead of talking to a specific hard drive for storage, and a specific CPU for computation, etc. it talks to some service that provides these resources. The service then maps any requests for resources to its physical resources, in order to provide for the application. Usually the service has access to a large amount of physical resources, and can dynamically allocate them as they are needed. - With grid computing, your company gets power and flexibility. Grid computing, however, occurs when the processing power of an application or service is distributed across multiple systems. This is usually done in order to increase processing capacity or improve system resiliency. Vs Grid Computing Cloud ComputingWith cloud computing, your company gets cost-savings and convenience. This is where you get access to the resources of an independent 3rd party over the internet. In other words, they are remotely hosted applications. Life Before And After Cloud Computing. Æ’Â   Before Cloud Computing Traditional business applications-like those from SAP, Microsoft, and Oracle-have always been too complicated and expensive. They need a data center with office space, power, cooling, bandwidth, networks, servers, and storage. A complicated software stack. And a team of experts to install, configure, and run them. They need development, testing, staging, production, and failover (means for ensuring high availability of some critical resource) environments. When you multiply these headaches across dozens or hundreds of applications, its easy to see why the biggest companies with the best IT departments arent getting the applications they need. Small businesses dont stand a chance. Imagine a world without bridges.   It would be pretty hard to get from point A to point B reliably and without interruption!   The Cloud Computing is the to the Bridge solution that increases interoperability between your on-premise datacenters and off-premise clouds.   This interoperability increases your flexibility, enabling more choice around what applications you can move to the cloud.   Since the Cloud Bridge solution supports multiple virtualization environments, you also have more choice in cloud providers, enabling you to drive down costs.   In short, Cloud Computing is the big bridge to fill the big gap between your datacenter or the application. Æ’Â   After Cloud Computing Cloud computing is a better way to run your business. Instead of running your applications yourself, they run on a shared data center. When you use any application that runs in the cloud, you just log in, customize it, and start using it. Thats the power of cloud computing. Businesses are running all kinds of applications in the cloud these days, like CRM(Customer Relationship Management), HR(Human Resources), accounting, and custom-built applications. Cloud-based applications can be up and running in a few days, which is unheard of with traditional business software. They cost less, because you dont need to need to pay for all the people, products, and facilities to run them. And, it turns out theyre more scalable, more secure, and more reliable than most applications. Plus, upgrades are taken care of for you, so your applications get security and performance enhancements and new features-automatically. The way you pay for cloud-based applications is also different. Forget about buying servers and software. When your apps run in the cloud, you dont buy anything. Its all rolled up into a predictable monthly subscription, so you only pay for what you actually use. Cloud applications dont eat up your valuable IT resources, so your CFO(Chief Financial Officer) will love it. This lets you focus on deploying more applications, new projects, and innovation. The Nature of Cloud Computing Cloud computing builds on established trends for driving the cost out of the delivery of services while increasing the speed and agility with which services are deployed. It shortens the time from designing an application architecture to actual deployment. Cloud computing integrates virtualization, on-demand deployment, Internet delivery of services, and open source software. The on-demand, self-service, pay-by-use model The on-demand nature of cloud computing helps to support the performance and capacity aspects of service-level objectives. The self-service nature of cloud computing allows organizations to create flexible environments that expand and contract based on the workload and target performance parameters. And the pay-by-use nature of cloud computing may take the form of equipment renting that guarantee a minimum level of service from a cloud provider so billing is based on resource consumption: CPU hours used, volumes of data moved, or gigabytes of data stored. Growth and Further scope Of Cloud Computing. Æ’Â ¨ Cloud computing  is being touted as  the future of  the web. Everything from your Word documents to pictures, music has been  moving to  the cloud. In  Google  Apps, the company has a strong competing product to  Microsoft  Office. So, how big is all of this going to be. Here are some statistics from a  Gartner study Value of  Cloud computing services  through the years 2008 : $46.41 billion 2009 : $56.30 billion 2013 : $150.1 billion (projected) Advantages and Disadvantages Of Cloud Computing. Cloud computing is fast evolving from a  futuristic technology  into a commercially viable alternative for companies in search of a cost-effective  storage  and server solution. In fact, Gartner Inc. predicts that by 2012, 80 percent of Fortune 1000 enterprises will pay for some cloud-computing service, while 30 percent of them will pay for cloud-computing infrastructure. While the technology has its fair share of drawbacks (such as privacy and  security  concerns), an undeniable silver lining is currently turning skeptics into enthusiasts. Here some of the advantages of cloud computing: >ADVANTAGES: Scalability:  IT departments that anticipate an enormous uptick in user load need not scramble to secure additional hardware and software with cloud computing. Instead, an organization can add and subtract capacity as its network load dictates. Better yet, because cloud computing follows a utility model in which service costs are based on consumption, companies pay for only what they use. Easy Implementation:  Without the need to purchase hardware, software licenses or implementation services, a company can get its cloud-computing arrangement off the ground in record time and for a fraction of the cost of an on-premise solution. Skilled Practitioners:  When a particular technology becomes popular, its not uncommon for a whole slew of vendors to jump on the bandwagon. In the case of cloud computing, however, vendors have typically been reputable enough to offer customers reliable service and large enough to deliver huge  datacenters  with endless amounts of storage and computing capacity. These vendors include industry stalwarts such as Microsoft, Google, IBM, Yahoo! Inc. and Amazon.com Inc, etc. Frees Up Internal Resources:  By placing storage and server needs in the hands of an outsourcer, a company essentially shifts the burden placed on its in-house IT team to a third-party provider. The result: In-house IT departments can focus on business-critical tasks without having to incur additional costs in manpower and  training. Quality of Service:  Network outages can send an IT department scrambling for answers. But in the case of cloud computing, its up to a companys selected vendor to offer 24/7 customer support and an immediate response to emergency situations. Thats not to suggest that outages dont occur. In February 2008, Amazon.coms S3 cloud-computing service experienced a brief outage that affected a number of companies. Fortunately, service was restored within three hours. Æ’Â   According to  Jonathan Koomey, who is a consulting professor for Stanford University and a project scientist at the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, there are four primary reasons why cloud computing (at least philosophically speaking) should be a more power-efficient approach than an in-house data center. This is the order in which Koomey lists them. Workload diversity: Because you will have many different sorts of users making use of the cloud resources different applications, different feature set preferences and different usage volumes this will improve hardware utilization and therefore make better use of power that youre using anyway to keep a server up and running. Economies of economies of scale: There are certain fixed costs associated with setting up any physical data center. According to Koomey, implementing technical and organization changes is cheaper per computation for larger organizations than for IT small shops. And because you will have more people using the infrastructure, again, you can spread those costs more efficiently. Power-management flexibility: Koomey postulates that its easier to manage virtual servers than physical servers from a power perspective. If hardware fails, the load can automatically be deployed elsewhere. Likewise, in theory, you could move all virtual loads to certain servers when loads are light and power-down or idle those that arent being used You can pick the most efficient site possible: So, for example, if you are a business based in a state that uses primarily coal-powered electricity, do you really want to site your data center there? If you have a data center in a place that is all coal-powered, this is a big business risk, Koomey says. In a future where there might actually be a tax on the carbon your company produces, that would certainly be a risk indeed. >DISADVANTAGES: Æ’Â   One of its few major issues is that cloud computing relies totally on network connections. If the network goes down, youre done using the computer until it is back up. If the network gets bogged down, then your computing will be slower. Æ’Â   The other major downfall is that it doesnt use a hard drive. While it is a benefit, it is also a negative. Some applications or hardware might require having a hard drive attached to the computer; these might be hard to get working properly with the hard drive on a remote server. Æ’Â   The last big issue is peripherals. Getting printers to work is hit or miss. The more popular printers will give you little trouble when you try to get them working properly. The little printers that arent as common, such as label printers, can face issues with the mini PC that each user has. Æ’Â   In most big businesses, few people have personal printers; most printers are networked,  so its not a big issue to a majority of users. Things such as scanners use software to work with the PC, however, and if your virtual hard drive doesnt have the software, when you log onto the cloud computer at a desk, you wont be able to use the scanner until you install the software. Some Of The Disadvantages Are Listed Below Security: No control over the business assets (data!). The main assets in every company are its data files with valuable customer information. A proper security model for cloud computing is not yet developed. Security, privacy and compliancy is still difficult for cloud solutions. Especially for public cloud services. Physical location of hardware and software is unknown. Site inspections and audits are hard. Availability. Constant connectivity is required. Failure to compliance. E.g. HIPAA, SOX, PCI, SAS 70 and audits. Risk of data loss due to improper backups or system failures in the virtualized environment. Dependency (Lost On Control): Quality problems with Communicating Sequential Processes (CSP) No influence on maintenance levels and fix frequency when using cloud services from a CSP. No or little insight in CSP contingency procedures. Especially backup, restore and disaster recovery. No easy migration to an other CSP. Measurement of resource usage and end user activities lies in the hands of the CSP. Tied to the financial health of another Company. Cost And Flexibility: Special customization not possible. Possible lower rate of business IT innovation. The technological innovation pace is dictated by CSP. Cost: Hidden cost (e.g. compliancy regulations, backup, restore, disaster recovery and problem solving.) Opaque cost structure due to highly flexible usage of cloud services; Cost advantages is as hard to get when using outsourcing for IT services in a traditional way. Risks of higher future charges are real. Requires a constant Internet connection: Cloud computing is impossible if you cant connect to the Internet. Since you use the Internet to connect to both your applications and documents, if you dont have an Internet connection you cant access anything, even your own documents. A dead Internet connection means no work, period-and, in areas where Internet connections are few or inherently unreliable, this could be a deal-breaker. When youre offline, cloud computing simply doesnt work. Doesnt work well with low-speed connections: Similarly, a low-speed Internet connection, such as that found with dial-up services, makes cloud computing painful at best and often impossible. Web-based apps require a lot of bandwidth to download, as do large documents. If youre laboring with a low-speed dial-up connection, it might take seemingly forever just to change from page to page in a document, let alone to launch a feature-rich cloud service. In other words, cloud computing isnt for the broadband-impaired. Can be slow: Even on a fast connection, web-based applications can sometimes be slower than accessing a similar software program on your desktop PC. Everything about the program, from the interface to the current document, has to be sent back and forth from your computer to the computers in the cloud. If the cloud servers happen to be backed up at that moment, or if the Internet is having a slow day, you wont get the instantaneous access you might expect from desktop apps. Features might be limited: This situation is bound to change, but today many web-based applications simply arent as full-featured as their desktop-based brethren. For example, you can do a lot more with Microsoft PowerPoint than with Google Presentations w